ACORN 2.2 influence on New South Wales temperature trendsAustralia Northern Territory Queensland South Australia Tasmania Victoria Western Australia
There are 25 ACORN stations (Australian Climate Observation Reference Network) in New South Wales. This page analyses the daily temperatures at all 25 weather stations and averages the 12 with a start year of 1910 to ensure a uniform timescale. The other 12 excluded stations have temperature recordings starting in years after 1910, the most recent being Scone and Wyalong with a start year of 1965. The 12 long-term weather stations analysed on this page (with a start year of 1910) had a 1910-1964 average maximum of 23.54C in ACORN 2.1 and a 1910-1964 average maximum of 23.53C in ACORN 2.2 - meaning ACORN 2.2 has slightly cooled the historic maxima of ACORN 2.1. The 12 long-term weather stations had a 1910-1964 average minimum of 10.61C in ACORN 2.1 and a 1910-1964 average minimum of 10.56C in ACORN 2.2 - a 0.05C cooling of historic minima. Daily temperatures in ACORN 2.2 and RAW have been annualised, and below are charts showing the difference between the ACORN 2.2 homogenised dataset when compared to original raw annual temperatures. This analysis only allows the inclusion of years within which there were no months with less than 15 days of recorded temperatures, as is the ACORN protocol. 12 New South Wales stations begin in 1910 and end in 2020 in ACORN 2.2 and RAW - Bathurst, Bourke, Cobar, Deniliquin, Inverell, Moruya Heads, Port Macquarie, Sydney, Tibooburra, Wagga Wagga, Walgett and Yamba. The first charts below show averaged maximum and minimum temperature trends at these 12 stations with associated data. Excel files at the bottom of each station chart and data summary can be downloaded to compare how the ACORN 2.2 algorithms influence daily, monthly and annual temperatures at all 25 sites since 1910.
1910-1964 - ACORN 2.2 23.53C / raw 23.58C 1965-2020 - ACORN 2.2 24.06C / raw 23.98C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.53C / raw warmed 0.40C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.10C / raw 0.11C New South Wales 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 24.64C / raw 24.63C The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 23.71C in ACORN 2.2 and 23.61C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 24.86C in ACORN 2.2 and 24.85C in raw 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 - 23.66C / raw 23.53C Download Excel spreadsheet for 12 New South Wales weather stations in ACORN 1, ACORN 2.2 and RAW
1910-1964 - ACORN 2.2 10.56C / raw 11.38C 1965-2020 - ACORN 2.2 11.46C / raw 11.77C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.90C / raw warmed 0.39C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.11C / raw 0.04C New South Wales 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 11.87C / raw 11.94C The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 10.93C in ACORN 2.2 and 11.70C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 12.07C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.09C in raw 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 - 11.08C / raw 11.61C Download Excel spreadsheet for 12 New South Wales weather stations in ACORN 1, ACORN 2.2 and RAW Station menu Bathurst, Bourke, Cabramurra, Canberra, Cobar, Coffs Harbour, Deniliquin, Dubbo, Gunnedah, Inverell, Moree, Moruya Heads, Nowra, Point Perpendicular, Port Macquarie, Richmond, Scone, Sydney, Tibooburra, Wagga Wagga, Walgett, Wilcannia, Williamtown, Wyalong, Yamba Bathurst
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 19.80C / raw 19.52C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 20.36C / raw 20.25C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.56C / raw warmed 0.73C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.13C / raw 0.22C Bathurst 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 21.12C / raw 21.13C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 19.73C / raw 19.46C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.42% / raw - 58.19% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 14.70% / raw - 21.77% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 19.94C in ACORN 2.2 and 19.03C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 21.32C in ACORN 2.2 and 21.34C in raw Bathurst 63005 has annual max temps back to 1909: 1909 = 18.16C ACORN catalogue: Prior to December 1971 the screen did not strictly meet specifications, having single rather than double louvred sides. The site moved 800 m in an unknown direction in July 1950, and 30 m east in November 1978. On 16 April 1996 the site moved 200 m. Parallel observations continued at the old site for two years. The new site initially took a new number (063305) before adopting the original station number (063005) at the end of the comparison; such a sequence is an unusual practice in Australia. A site operated at Bathurst Gaol (063004) from 1858 to 1983 but has not been used in ACORN-SAT. Bathurst max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 5.78C / raw 6.87C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 6.43C / raw 6.57C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.65C / raw cooled 0.30C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.12C / raw -0.03C Bathurst 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 6.74C / raw 6.75C 1961-90 - v1 6.30C / ACORN 2.2 6.14C / raw 6.40C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 20.75% / raw - 64.95% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 15.77% / raw - 24.17% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 5.74C in ACORN 2.2 and 7.23C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 6.92C in ACORN 2.2 and 6.91C in raw Bathurst 63005 has annual min temps back to 1909: 1909 = 6.91C Bathurst min Excel spreadsheets Bourke
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 27.07C / raw 27.49C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 27.52C / raw 27.60C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.45C / raw warmed 0.11C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.08C / raw 0.05C Bourke 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 28.21C / raw 28.34C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 27.07C / raw 27.07C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 42.50% / raw - 85.82% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.39% / raw - 25.84% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 27.40C in ACORN 2.2 and 27.96C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 28.47C in ACORN 2.2 and 28.68C in raw Bourke 48013 has annual max temps back to 1878: 1878-1909 = 28.62C 48013 overlap with 48239 11 November 1994 to 14 August 1996 : 48013 27.30C / 48239 27.69C 48239 overlap with 48245 15 December 1998 to 31 January 1999 : 48239 37.37C / 48245 37.23C ACORN catalogue: Observations were originally made within the Bourke township (048013). This site had trees and buildings nearby and the lawn around the screen was regularly watered. There was a small site move within the Post Office yard in May 1937, and the screen was replaced in November 1964. A site (048239) was established on the southern side of the airport near the terminal building on 11 November 1994. Observations continued there until January 1999. The current site began operations in December 1998, 700 m north of the previous airport location but with only a minimal overlap. These data are used in ACORN-SAT from 1 January 1999. 1989-1998 raw max averaged 27.33C and post AWS 2000-2009 averaged 28.27C
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 12.35C / raw 12.92C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 13.14C / raw 13.38C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.79C / raw warmed 0.46C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.16C / raw 0.10C Bourke 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 13.65C / raw 13.62C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 12.65C / raw 13.18C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.38% / raw - 88.51% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 11.59% / raw - A29.36% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 12.30C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.82C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 13.95C in ACORN 2.2 and 13.82C in raw Bourke 48013 has annual min temps back to 1879: 1879-1909 = 12.67C 48013 overlap with 48239 11 November 1994 to 15 August 1996 : 48013 13.90C / 48239 12.83C 48239 overlap with 48245 16 December 1998 to 31 January 1999 : 48239 22.20C / 48245 22.07C 1989-1998 raw min averaged 13.45C and post AWS 2000-2009 averaged 13.44C Cabramurra
1962-1990 - ACORN 2.2 11.28C / raw 11.47C 1991-2020 - ACORN 2.2 12.33C / raw 12.38C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.05C / raw warmed 0.91C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.37C / raw 0.29C Cabramurra 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 12.64C / raw 12.65C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.23% / raw - 52.40% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 22.50% / raw - 20.83% The first decade, 1962-1971, averaged 10.82C in ACORN 2.2 and 11.25C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 12.70C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.70C in raw 72091 overlap with 72161 20 December 1996 to 27 April 1999 : 72091 13.61C / 72161 12.92C ACORN catalogue: The original site (072091) was about 400 m east of the township on top of a west-facing spur near the turnoff into the town from the Kiandra-Khancoban road. Data are available from this location since 1962, although there is evidence that observations may have been made from 1954 onwards. There are no indications of any moves at this site during its history, although there were more buildings in the vicinity in the 1950s and 1960s than there are now. The site continued temperature observations until April 1999. The automatic weather station (072161) is located 600 m west of the previous site and has been operating since 1996. 1986-1995 raw max averaged 11.49C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 12.66C See Cabramurra Automatic Weather Station Cabramurra max Excel spreadsheets
1962-1990 - ACORN 2.2 4.44C / raw 3.95C 1991-2020 - ACORN 2.2 5.02C / raw 4.87C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.58C / raw warmed 0.92C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.24C / raw 0.29C Cabramurra 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 5.22C / raw 5.22C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.97% / raw - 58.87% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 22.50% / raw - 22.02% The first decade, 1962-1971, averaged 4.10C in ACORN 2.2 and 3.87C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 5.34C in ACORN 2.2 and 5.33C in raw 72091 overlap with 72161 21 December 1996 to 28 April 1999 : 72091 4.95C / 72161 5.15C 1986-1995 raw min averaged 3.90C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 4.96C Cabramurra min Excel spreadsheets Canberra
1924-1966 - ACORN 2.2 19.29C / CDO raw 19.46C 1967-2020 - ACORN 2.2 20.18C / CDO raw 20.22C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.89C / raw warmed 0.76C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.19C / raw 0.15C Canberra 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 21.03C / raw 21.05C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 19.50C / raw 19.56C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.96% / raw - 31.73% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.37% / raw - 11.85% The first decade, 1924-1933, averaged 19.36C in ACORN 2.2 and 19.76C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 21.27C in ACORN 2.2 and 21.27C in raw ACORN catalogue: The original site (070014) was on the eastern side of the airport. The data indicate an anomalous warming of minimum temperatures, of about 0.4 °C, in or around 1963, although there are no documented moves or other changes in the vicinity of the site at this time. There are indications in documentation of a possible move in about 1975 but no signal of this in the data. In December 1995 an automatic weather station was installed and the site moved 800 m to the northeast. The old site continued as a comparison for two years as number 070338; the data show no significant impact from the site move. A car park was built near the 070014 site in May 2006, which appears to have had a warming impact on minimum temperatures (largely cancelled out by the 2008 site change). 1985-1994 raw min averaged 19.63C and post AWS 1996-2005 averaged 20.45C ACORN 2.2 digitises temperatures from 1914 : 1914-1939 = 19.30C Canberra max Excel spreadsheets
1924-1966 - ACORN 2.2 5.52C / raw 6.22C 1967-2020 - ACORN 2.2 6.58C / raw 6.74C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.06C / raw warmed 0.52C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.18C / raw 0.02C Canberra 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 6.98C / raw 6.95C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 6.17C / raw 6.46C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.42% / raw - 36.96% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.88% / raw - 11.61% The first decade, 1924-1933, averaged 5.23C in ACORN 2.2 and 6.46C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 6.96C in ACORN 2.2 and 6.70C in raw 1985-1994 raw min averaged 6.69C and post AWS 1996-2005 averaged 6.85C ACORN 2.2 digitises temperatures from 1914 : 1914-1939 = 4.70C Canberra min Excel spreadsheets Cobar
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 24.77C / raw 25.70C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 25.59C / raw 25.46C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.82C / raw cooled 0.24C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.14C / raw 0.08C Cobar 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 26.25C / raw 26.24C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 25.05C / raw 25.17C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.49% / raw - 85.44% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.96% / raw - 11.38% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 24.92C in ACORN 2.2 and 25.48C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 26.49C in ACORN 2.2 and 26.49C in raw Cobar 48030 has annual max temps back to 1897: 1897-1909 = 25.22C 48030 overlap with 48027 21 May 1962 to 31 December 1965 : 48030 26.06C / 48027 24.49C ACORN catalogue: The original site (048030) was at the Post Office in town, 1.7 km southeast of the current site. There are no clearly documented moves but there is evidence that the Post Office re-opened after a period of closure in 1924, and the data are consistent with a site move at around that time. The Meteorological Office site has been operating since 21 May 1962. An automatic weather station was installed on 1 May 1997. The site moved from the south to the north side of the office on 15 November 2000 (exact distance unclear, but appears to be about 100 m). A new Meteorological Office building was opened in 2005 but the instruments appear to have remained in the same place. There is a separate site (048237) at the airport which is not used in ACORN- SAT. Assuming the AWS was operational from 1997, 1987-1996 raw min averaged 24.96C and post AWS 1998-2007 averaged 26.03C
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 12.71C / raw 11.95C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 13.24C / raw 12.89C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.53C / raw warmed 0.94C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.04C / raw 0.05C Cobar 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 13.55C / raw 13.24C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 12.93C / raw 12.55C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.53% / raw - 85.88% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.89% / raw - 10.99% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 13.03C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.84C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 13.44C in ACORN 2.2 and 13.38C in raw Cobar 48030 has annual min temps back to 1897: 1897-1909 = 12.33C (also some slightly corrupted 1882-1890 = 11.53C) 48030 overlap with 48027 21 May 1962 to 31 December 1965 : 48030 11.57C / 48027 12.14C Assuming the AWS was operational from 1997, 1987-1996 raw min averaged 12.74C and post AWS 1998-2007 averaged 13.14C Coffs Harbour
1952-1986 - ACORN 2.2 23.40C / raw 23.15C 1987-2020 - ACORN 2.2 23.90C / raw 23.75C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.50C / raw warmed 0.60C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.15C / raw 0.15C Coffs Harbour 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 24.01C / raw 23.97C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 23.45C / raw 23.12C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.72% / raw - 26.00% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.17% / raw - 11.69% The first decade, 1952-1961, averaged 23.24C in ACORN 2.2 and 23.22C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 24.23C in ACORN 2.2 and 24.22C in raw 59040 overlap with 59151 9 August 2013 to 26 August 2015 : 59040 24.11C / 59151 24.21C ACORN catalogue: The site performed temperature observations briefly in 1943 but did not start continuous observations until 1951. There are no clearly documented moves. A new Meteorological Office was opened on 25 September 1967 but it is unclear whether the instruments moved at this time. An automatic weather station was installed on 31 January 1995 and became the primary instrument on 1 November 1996. 1986-1995 raw max averaged 23.40C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 23.64C Coffs Harbour max Excel spreadsheets
1952-1986 - ACORN 2.2 13.12C / raw 13.78C 1987-2020 - ACORN 2.2 14.23C / raw 14.38C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.11C / raw warmed 0.60C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.27C / raw 0.21C Coffs Harbour 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 14.32C / raw 14.36C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 13.33C / raw 14.05C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.45% / raw - 27.55% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.97% / raw - 11.68% The first decade, 1952-1961, averaged 12.83C in ACORN 2.2 and 13.21C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 14.47C in ACORN 2.2 and 14.48C in raw 59040 overlap with 59151 10 August 2013 to 27 August 2015 : 59040 14.40C / 59151 14.25C 1986-1995 raw min averaged 14.34C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 14.40C Coffs Harbour min Excel spreadsheets Deniliquin
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 22.49C / raw 22.80C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 23.15C / raw 23.18C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.66C / raw warmed 0.38C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.13C / raw 0.10C Deniliquin 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 23.76C / raw 23.79C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 22.72C / raw 22.80C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.89% / raw - 72.73% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 20.77% / raw - 10.28% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 22.58C in ACORN 2.2 and 22.95C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 23.98C in ACORN 2.2 and 23.97C in raw Deniliquin 74128 has annual max temps back to 1859: 1859-1861 + 1863 + 1868 + 1870-1909 = 24.81C 74128 overlap with 74258 3 June 1997 to 29 June 2003 : 74128 23.42C / 74258 23.30C ACORN catalogue: The original site (074128) was located in the town area, with the site becoming built up from about 1950 onwards. The site moved 1 km northwest in September 1971, then moved to the airport (3.7 km south) in September 1984. Temperature observations continued at this location until 2003. The site number continues to be used for rainfall observations but these are made at a different location. The current site is about 500 m south of the last position of the previous site. It has been operating since May 1997. 1992-2001 raw max averaged 22.88C and post AWS 2003-2012 averaged 23.51C Deniliquin max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 8.70C / raw 10.06C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 9.25C / raw 9.64C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.55C / raw cooled 0.44C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.08C / raw -0.04C Deniliquin 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 9.56C / raw 9.64C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 8.99C / raw 9.75C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 16.70% / raw - 79.64% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 21.26% / raw - 12.97% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 8.84C in ACORN 2.2 and 10.12C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 9.61C in ACORN 2.2 and 9.61C in raw Deniliquin 74128 has annual min temps back to 1859: 1868 + 1875-1905 + 11907-1909 = 8.41C 74128 overlap with 74258 4 June 1997 to 30 June 2003 : 74128 9.74C / 74258 9.28C 1992-2001 raw min averaged 9.60C and post AWS 2003-2012 averaged 9.50C Deniliquin min Excel spreadsheets Dubbo
1921-1970 - ACORN 2.2 23.64C / raw 24.07C 1971-2020 - ACORN 2.2 24.49C / raw 24.46C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.85C / raw warmed 0.39C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.17C / raw 0.07C Dubbo 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 25.03C / raw 25.01C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 23.89C / raw 23.91C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.21% / raw - 84.65% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.56% / raw - 12.53% The first decade, 1921-1930, averaged 23.70C in ACORN 2.2 and 24.65C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 25.39C in ACORN 2.2 and 25.239C in raw 65012 overlap with 65070 16 January 1993 to 22 December 1999 : 65012 24.16C / 65070 23.68C ACORN catalogue: The original site (065012) was in numerous locations near the town centre. Site moves are documented in 1921, April 1929, April 1938 (probably very small with installation of a new screen), July 1953 (‘next door‘, probably less than 30 m), November 1969 (15 m), January 1978 (150 m west) and February 1982 (300 m southwest). Most of these moves were necessitated by buildings in the vicinity of the site. There was a more significant move of 5 km northwest on 22 October 1986, placing it on the outer fringe of Dubbo where it remained until ceasing observations in January 2000. The airport site (065070) has been operating since 16 January 1993, about 1 km southeast of the previous site’s final location. 1990-1999 raw max averaged 24.03C and post AWS 2001-2010 averaged 24.82C
1921-1970 - ACORN 2.2 9.23C / raw 10.53C 1971-2020 - ACORN 2.2 10.17C / raw 10.42C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.94C / raw cooled 0.11C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.15C / raw 0.05C Dubbo 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 10.38C / raw 10.38C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 9.82C / raw 10.63C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.84% / raw - 87.97% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.70% / raw - 13.43% The first decade, 1921-1930, averaged 9.11C in ACORN 2.2 and 9.99C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 10.48C in ACORN 2.2 and 10.48C in raw 65012 overlap with 65070 16 January 1993 to 23 December 1999 : 65012 10.04C / 65070 9.96C 1990-1999 raw min averaged 10.09C and post AWS 2001-2010 averaged 10.33C Gunnedah
1949-1984 - ACORN 2.2 24.26C / raw 24.26C 1985-2020 - ACORN 2.2 25.04C / raw 25.04C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.78C / raw warmed 0.78C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.23C / raw 0.23C Gunnedah 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 25.43C / raw 25.43C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 24.35C / raw 24.35C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 30.92% / raw - 30.91% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.85% / raw - 9.86% The first decade, 1949-1958, averaged 24.16C in ACORN 2.2 and 24.16C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 25.80C in ACORN 2.2 and 25.80C in raw Apart from the manual 55024, Gunnedah has an AWS 55202 also operating at the airport from 14 September 2001 to 31 December 2018 : 55024 25.54C / 55202 26.21C ACORN catalogue: There is no evidence of any moves at this site since its opening in 1948. Two other sites have operated in the Gunnedah area: an automatic weather station at the airport (055202), and a town site (055023) which is currently at the swimming pool and ceased temperature measurements at the end of 2011. The town site had been operating since the 19th century but suffered from repeated and persistent problems, especially before 1950, and was not considered suitable to extend the record from the research farm backwards in time. Gunnedah max Excel spreadsheets
1949-1984 - ACORN 2.2 11.87C / raw 11.87C 1985-2020 - ACORN 2.2 12.55C / raw 12.55C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.68C / raw warmed 0.68C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.18C / raw 0.19C Gunnedah 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 12.69C / raw 12.70C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 12.05C / raw 12.05C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 33.50% / raw - 33.50% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.05% / raw - 10.03% The first decade, 1949-1958, averaged 11.63C in ACORN 2.2 and 11.63C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 12.77C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.79C in raw Apart from the manual 55024, Gunnedah has an AWS 55202 also operating at the airport from 15 September 2001 to 31 December 2018 : 55024 12.70C / 55202 10.17C Gunnedah min Excel spreadsheets Inverell
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 23.22C / raw 23.83C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 23.81C / raw 23.98C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.59C / raw warmed 0.15C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.14C / raw 0.10C Inverell 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 24.38C / raw 24.38C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 23.36C / raw 23.84C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 20.21% / raw - 80.74% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.97% / raw - 12.51% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 23.23C in ACORN 2.2 and 23.60C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 24.72C in ACORN 2.2 and 24.72C in raw Inverell 56017 has annual max temps back to 1875: 1875-1876 + 1879-1884 + 1886-1909 = 22.87C 56017 overlap with 56242 1 March 1995 to 25 November 1997 : 56017 23.07C / 56242 22.94C ACORN catalogue: The original site (056017) was within the Post Office grounds. Louvres on the screen were repaired in July 1940. Site diagrams indicate that a new building was built just to the south at some point between 1944 and 1950; data and comments on file suggest 1949. There was a move of a few metres (into a more enclosed location) within the Post Office grounds on 7 July 1961. On 20 September 1967 it moved about 100 m southwest to a more open location near the library on the northeast bank of the river. The current site (056242) has been operating at its present location since 1 March 1995. The Inverell town is located in a valley which is well-suited for cold air drainage. Another site (056018) operates at a research farm on a ridge approximately 2 km west of the town. That site has minimum temperatures which are consistently warmer than the town, especially in winter when typical differences are 3–4°C. Inverell max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 6.45C / raw 7.48C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 7.75C / raw 7.77C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.30C / raw warmed 0.29C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.20C / raw 0.08C Inverell 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 8.07C / raw 7.80C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 7.33C / raw 7.79C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.50% / raw - 80.83% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 11.11% / raw - 17.39% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 6.42C in ACORN 2.2 and 7.47C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 8.36C in ACORN 2.2 and 8.23C in raw Inverell 56017 has annual max temps back to 1875: 1875-1876 + 1880 + 1882-1884 + 1886-1909 = 7.71C 56017 overlap with 56242 1 March 1995 to 26 November 1997 : 56017 7.06C / 56242 6.24C Inverell min Excel spreadsheets Moree
1912-1966 - ACORN 2.2 26.74C / raw 27.16C 1967-2020 - ACORN 2.2 26.70C / raw 26.48C ACORN 2.2 cooled 0.04C / raw cooled 0.64C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.04C / raw -0.03C Moree 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 27.34C / raw 27.15C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 26.27C / raw 26.13C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.02% / raw - 89.47% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.26% / raw - 10.84% The first decade, 1912-1921, averaged 27.14C in ACORN 2.2 and 27.36C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 27.68C in ACORN 2.2 and 27.58C in raw 53027 overlap with 53048 26 March 1964 to 31 December 1965 : 53027 26.50C / 53048 25.59C 53048 overlap with 53115 17 May 1995 to 31 August 1998 : 53048 25.66C / 53115 25.66C ACORN catalogue:Early Moree observations were associated with the Post Office in the town area (053027). There is evidence of a possible small move when the screen was replaced in June 1950 but otherwise there are no documented moves. Observations have been made at the Post Office since the 19th century, but pre-1957 data are not currently included in ACORN-SAT as the digitisation of the daily data is being redone. Observations at the Post Office ceased at the end of 1965. The first airport site (053048) commenced operations in March 1964 and continued until August 1998. The current automatic weather station has been operating since 17 May 1995, 1.2 km southeast of the previous site. 1985-1994 raw max averaged 26.04C and post AWS 1996-2005 averaged 26.55C
1912-1966 - ACORN 2.2 11.34C / raw 11.72C 1967-2020 - ACORN 2.2 12.51C / raw 12.53C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.17C / raw warmed 0.81C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.19C / raw 0.11C Moree 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 12.96C / raw 12.72C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 12.11C / raw 12.20C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 16.47% / raw - 88.69% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.84% / raw - 10.90% The first decade, 1912-1921, averaged 11.19C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.02C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 13.12C in ACORN 2.2 and 13.12C in raw 53027 overlap with 53048 26 March 1964 to 31 December 1965 : 53027 10.92C / 53048 10.11C 53048 overlap with 53115 18 May 1995 to 31 August 1998 : 53048 12.38C / 53115 11.58C 1985-1994 raw max averaged 12.57C and post AWS 1996-2005 averaged 12.35C Moruya Heads
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 20.00C / raw 19.79C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 20.44C / raw 20.43C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.44C / raw warmed 0.64C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.07C / raw 0.08C Moruya Heads 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 20.80C / raw 20.80C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 20.25C / raw 20.13C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 22.80% / raw - 64.52% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 22.07% / raw - 22.07% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 20.14C in ACORN 2.2 and 20.02C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 20.84C in ACORN 2.2 and 20.84C in raw ACORN catalogue: The site has been in the Pilot Station grounds since at least the start of ACORN-SAT in 1910. The only documented move was ’a few feet‘ south, in October 1966. An automatic weather station was installed at Moruya Airport (069148) in 1999. While the airport site (which is on flat ground on the other side of the Moruya River) is less than 2 km inland, under certain conditions the temperature differences between Moruya Airport and Moruya Heads can be dramatic due to the role the coastal ridge can play in blocking marine air from penetrating further inland. Minimum temperature differences of 5 °C or more between the sites on cold nights in the cooler months are a regular occurrence. Due to these large climatic differences it is unlikely the airport site will supersede the current Moruya Heads site in the foreseeable future. 1989-1998 raw max averaged 20.12C and post AWS 2000-2009 averaged 20.79C Moruya Heads max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 10.68C / raw 11.18C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 11.69C / raw 11.69C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.01C / raw warmed 0.51C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.16C / raw 0.10C Moruya Heads 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 12.13C / raw 12.13C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 11.26C / raw 11.27C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 25.85% / raw - 64.90% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.53% / raw - 19.53% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 10.59C in ACORN 2.2 and 11.21C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 12.24C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.24C in raw 1989-1998 raw min averaged 11.64C and post AWS 2000-2009 averaged 12.02C Moruya Heads min Excel spreadsheets Nowra
1956-1988 - ACORN 2.2 21.97C / raw 21.34C 1989-2020 - ACORN 2.2 22.48C / raw 22.05C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.51C / raw warmed 0.71C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.19C / raw 0.27C Nowra 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 22.73C / raw 22.46C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 21.97C / raw 21.34C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.19% / raw - 27.84% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.75% / raw - 14.76% The first decade, 1956-1965, averaged 21.74C in ACORN 2.2 and 21.12C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 20.82C in ACORN 2.2 and 22.67C in raw ACORN catalogue: There is no evidence of any moves during the lifetime of the original site (068076). The first available data are from 1955, although there are indications in station documentation that observations were already being made in 1949. It closed in November 2000 with no overlap with the new site, but comparisons with neighbouring sites indicate no evidence of any significant differences in data between the two sites. The current site has been operating since November 2000, about 800 m west-southwest of the previous site. There are suggestions in the documentation that an automatic weather station had been operating near the present location for some time prior to 2000, but no data have been archived and it is unknown if the system was consistent with Bureau specifications. 1990-1999 raw max averaged 21.36C and post AWS 2001-2010 averaged 22.24C
1956-1988 - ACORN 2.2 11.10C / CDO raw 11.28C 1989-2020 - ACORN 2.2 11.52C / CDO raw 11.52C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.42C / raw warmed 0.24C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.18C / raw 0.08C Nowra 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 11.61C / raw 11.61C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 11.17C / raw 11.26C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.79% / raw - 28.20% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.19% / raw - 15.44% The first decade, 1956-1965, averaged 10.77C in ACORN 2.2 and 11.31C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 11.82C in ACORN 2.2 and 11.82C in raw 1990-1999 raw min averaged 11.34C and post AWS 2001-2010 averaged 11.39C Point Perpendicular
1946-1982 - ACORN 2.2 19.91C / raw 19.82C 1983-2020 - ACORN 2.2 20.43C / raw 20.43C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.52C / raw warmed 0.61C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.19C / raw 0.20C Point Perpendicular 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 20.73C / raw 20.73C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 20.02C / raw 19.97C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.56% / raw - 95.13% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.04% / raw - 18.58% The first decade, 1946-1955, averaged 19.61C in ACORN 2.2 and 19.51C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 20.87C in ACORN 2.2 and 20.87C in raw 68034 overlap with 68151 21 May 2001 to 29 June 2004 : 68034 20.42C / 68151 20.40C ACORN catalogue: There are no documented moves at the original site (068034) during the course of ACORN-SAT. Digitised data at this location commence in 1946 but it is believed that observations extend back to at least 1924. A new screen was installed in November 1960, replacing one in poor repair. The current automatic weather station was established on 21 May 2001, just 3 m from the previous site. Overlapping observations continued until 15 August 2003; the comparison revealed no differences between the two sites, despite the presence of a concrete slab under the screen of the old site. The manual thermometers were transferred to the screen of 068151 and continued to be read as 068034 until June 2004. 1991-2000 raw averaged 20.12C and post AWS 2002-2011 averaged 20.58C Point Perpendicular max Excel spreadsheets
1946-1982 - ACORN 2.2 13.55C / raw 13.60C 1983-2020 - ACORN 2.2 14.16C / raw 14.12C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.61C / raw warmed 0.52C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.16C / raw 0.15C Point Perpendicular 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 14.31C / raw 14.29C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 13.72C / raw 13.74C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 30.09% / raw - 95.80% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 20.91% / raw - 20.98% The first decade, 1946-1955, averaged 13.44C in ACORN 2.2 and 13.50C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 14.51C in ACORN 2.2 and 14.51C in raw 68034 overlap with 68151 22 May 2001 to 30 June 2004 : 68034 13.85C / 68151 13.90C 1991-2000 raw averaged 13.82C and post AWS 2002-2011 averaged 14.18C Point Perpendicular min Excel spreadsheets Port Macquarie
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 22.68C / raw 21.95C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 23.49C / raw 23.07C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.81C / raw warmed 1.12C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.15C / raw 0.21C Port Macquarie 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 23.97C / raw 23.97C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 22.96C / raw 22.22C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 20.29% / raw - 66.93% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 11.72% / raw - 22.31% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 22.69C in ACORN 2.2 and 22.12C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 24.23C in ACORN 2.2 and 24.23C in raw 60026 overlap with 60139 25 July 1995 to 26 October 2003 : 60026 22.71 / 60139 23.41C ACORN catalogue: The original site (060026) was located near the Pilot Station, close to the ocean on the eastern edge of the town centre. There was a move 90 m seaward (the exact direction is unclear) in January 1939, and a move 18 m to the southwest on 4 September 1968. On 6 October 1983, the site moved about 1 km south to a location in suburban Hill Street, about 1.5 km south of the city centre and approximately 700 m inland from the ocean. This location was less exposed to the ocean than this distance suggests because it was in a local hollow, and a ridge separated it from the beach. Temperature observations there ceased in October 2003. The site number 060026 continues to be used for rainfall observations but these are in a different location to the pre-2003 temperature observations. The current site (060139) is located on the southeast side of the airport runway. It began operations in 1995 but has only been used in the ACORN- SAT dataset from January 2000 because of some issues with its early data. 1990-1999 raw averaged 22.78C and post AWS 2001-2010 averaged 23.77C Port Macquarie max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 10.27C / raw 12.72C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 11.82C / raw 13.26C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.55C / raw warmed 0.54C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.21C / raw -0.02C Port Macquarie 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 12.36C / raw 12.70C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 11.17C / raw 13.45C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.27% / raw - 70.38% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.72% / raw - 22.77% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 10.54C in ACORN 2.2 and 13.04C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 12.71C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.91C in raw 60026 overlap with 60139 26 July 1995 to 27 October 2003 : 60026 14.00C / 60139 12.60C 1990-1999 raw averaged 13.89C and post AWS 2001-2010 averaged 12.51C Port Macquarie min Excel spreadsheets Richmond
1943-1981 - ACORN 2.2 24.05C / raw 23.70C 1982-2019 - ACORN 2.2 24.63C / raw 24.16C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.58C / raw warmed 0.46C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.16C / raw 0.16C Richmond 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 24.89C / raw 24.49C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 24.17C / raw 23.73C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.10% / raw - 28.21% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.52% / raw - 18.45% The first decade, 1943-1952, averaged 23.99C in ACORN 2.2 and 23.76C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 25.07C in ACORN 2.2 and 24.89C in raw 67033 overlap with 67105 21 October 1993 to 31 October 1994 : 67033 24.44C / 67105 24.48C ACORN catalogue: The original site (067033) was also within the grounds of the RAAF base. It moved in May 1969. The automatic weather station (067105) was installed in late 1993 about 400 m northwest of the previous site. It was initially erratic and is not used in ACORN-SAT until the old site closed on 1 November 1994. There is a another site (067021) which operated in the first half of the century at Windsor, and may be able to be used to extend the dataset back in time once its data are digitised. The region is a major growth corridor for Sydney and there is evidence of anomalous warming of minimum temperatures in recent years. 1984-1993 raw averaged 23.66C and post AWS 1995-2004 averaged 23.99C Richmond max Excel spreadsheets
1943-1981 - ACORN 2.2 10.31C / raw 11.12C 1982-2019 - ACORN 2.2 11.07C / raw 11.19C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.76C / raw warmed 0.07C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.24C / raw 0.10C Richmond 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 11.21C / raw 11.16C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 10.54C / raw 11.14C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.41% / raw - 31.31% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.02% / raw - 18.71% The first decade, 1943-1952, averaged 9.73C in ACORN 2.2 and 10.69C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 11.40C in ACORN 2.2 and 11.40C in raw 1984-1993 raw averaged 11.35C and post AWS 1995-2004 averaged 10.98C Richmond min Excel spreadsheets Scone
1965-1991 - ACORN 2.2 23.76C / raw 23.85C 1992-2019 - ACORN 2.2 24.78C / raw 24.63C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.02C / raw warmed 0.78C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.37C / raw 0.29C Scone 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 25.05C / raw 24.86C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 20.40% / raw - 29.15% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 13.82% / raw - 14.83% The first decade, 1965-1974, averaged 23.71C in ACORN 2.2 and 23.93C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 25.47C in ACORN 2.2 and 25.33C in raw 61089 overlap with 61363 1 July 1990 to 31 December 2017 : 61089 24.44C / 61363 24.37C ACORN catalogue: The original site (061089) was at the Scone Soil Conservation Research station, a research farm 8 km east-southeast of the town. There was only one small move (90 m east) in January 1978, which had no significant effect on the observations. This site continues to operate but has only been used in ACORN-SAT to the end of 2000. The airport site (061363) is about 10 km from the previous site. It has been operating since 1988 and has been used in ACORN-SAT since January 1997. It moved 500 m west on 9 December 2004. There was also a site (061069) in the town area which operated until 1991. This site has not been used in ACORN-SAT but might be used to extend the record back once its pre-1965 data have been digitised. 1990-1999 raw averaged 23.81C and post AWS 2001-2010 averaged 24.50C
1965-1991 - ACORN 2.2 9.87C / raw 11.05C 1992-2019 - ACORN 2.2 10.53C / raw 10.49C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.66C / raw cooled 0.56C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.25C / raw -0.14C Scone 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 10.59C / raw 10.27C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.00% / raw - 31.46% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.55% / raw - 12.16% The first decade, 1965-1974, averaged 9.55C in ACORN 2.2 and 11.02C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 10.68C in ACORN 2.2 and 10.40C in raw 61089 overlap with 61363 2 July 1990 to 31 December 2017 : 61089 10.84C / 61363 9.98C 1990-1999 raw averaged 11.16C and post AWS 2001-2010 averaged 10.08C Sydney
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 22.65C / raw 21.70C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 23.25C / raw 22.56C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.60C / raw warmed 0.86C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.06C / raw 0.17C Sydney 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 23.55C / raw 23.14C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 23.08C / raw 22.15C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.43% / raw - 26.41% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.54% / raw - 10.29% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 23.04C in ACORN 2.2 and 21.60C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 23.70C in ACORN 2.2 and 23.41C in raw Sydney 66062 has annual max temps back to 1859: 1859-1909 = 20.98C ACORN catalogue: Originally the site was in the main Observatory grounds. It moved about 100 m south to its current location in 1917. The earlier site was a more exposed location on a hilltop and had lower maximum and higher minimum temperatures than the current location. An automatic weather station was installed at the current site on 8 August 1990. The area is heavily built-up and has been since at least the late 19th century. An analysis of minimum temperature trends in the ACORN- SAT data showed no evidence of an abnormal warming trend relative to non- urban sites in the region, indicating that any urban influence on the data was already fully developed by the time ACORN-SAT begins in 1910. 1986-1995 raw max averaged 20.12C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 20.14C Assuming AWS became operational in 1990, 1980-1989 raw max averaged 22.29C and post AWS 1991-2000 averaged 22.31C
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 14.04C / raw 13.59C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 14.57C / raw 14.51C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.53C / raw warmed 0.92C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.07C / raw 0.14C Sydney 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 14.83C / raw 14.85C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 14.34C / raw 14.22C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.63% / raw - 28.10% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.29% / raw - 10.77% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 14.22C in ACORN 2.2 and 13.64C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 14.92C in ACORN 2.2 and 14.97C in raw Sydney 66062 has annual min temps back to 1859: 1859-1909 = 13.37C Assuming AWS became operational in 1990, 1980-1989 raw min averaged 14.47C and post AWS 1991-2000 averaged 14.36C Tibooburra
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 27.14C / raw 27.30C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 27.65C / raw 27.68C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.51C / raw warmed 0.38C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.13C / raw 0.12C Tibooburra 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 28.38C / raw 28.35C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 27.16C / raw 27.16C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.38% / raw - 91.22% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.98% / raw - 11.89% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 27.01C in ACORN 2.2 and 27.10C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 28.53C in ACORN 2.2 and 28.53C in raw 46037 overlap with 46126 23 September 1997 to 8 January 2015 : 46037 28.22C / 46126 28.09C ACORN catalogue: The site has had a number of moves over time. There is evidence of a move in November 1944 and a small move in 1960. A 500 m move to the southwest occurred in August 1980, and there is evidence of a move of a few metres some time between 1981 and 1984. There were moves of a few metres in September 1994 and of 15 m to the south in July 1996, to place the screen away from areas of bluestone landscaping and concrete, although neither move has had a significant impact on the observations. Minimum temperatures at Tibooburra suffered from persistent problems (most likely instrument faults) in the 1940s and most 1941–1949 minimum temperature data have not been used. An automatic weather station (046126) has been operating at Tibooburra Airport, about 5 km to the east, since September 1997. This may eventually supersede the existing manual site. Tibooburra max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 13.58C / raw 13.45C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 14.48C / raw 14.47C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.90C / raw warmed 1.02C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.09C / raw 0.10C Tibooburra 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 15.02C / raw 15.02C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 14.04C / raw 13.98C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.32% / raw - 89.83% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.46% / raw - 15.04% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 14.11C in ACORN 2.2 and 13.96C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 15.13C in ACORN 2.2 and 15.10C in raw 46037 overlap with 46126 24 September 1997 to 9 January 2015 : 46037 14.95C / 46126 15.00C Tibooburra min Excel spreadsheets Wagga Wagga
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 22.18C / raw 22.66C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 22.62C / raw 22.49C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.44C / raw cooled 0.17C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.08C / raw 0.00C Wagga Wagga 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 23.23C / raw 23.22C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 22.18C / raw 21.97C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.75% / raw - 57.04% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.67% / raw - 11.33% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 22.45C in ACORN 2.2 and 23.21C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 23.24C in ACORN 2.2 and 23.24C in raw Wagga Wagga 72151 has annual max temps back to 1872 : 1872-1873 + 1880-1884 + 1886-1906 + 1908-1909 = 24.22C 72151 overlap with 72150 17 January 1942 to 31 December 1950 : 72151 22.60C / 72150 21.60C ACORN catalogue: The original site (072151) was in the Wagga Wagga town area. It was initially at the Post Office but moved to police station grounds in July 1925. There was a further move in April 1928. The screen was initially facing east before being reoriented in October 1933. Temperatures were observed at this location until 1953. Rainfall observations continued under the same site number until 1984 but moved to a different location in the suburb of Kooringal, southeast of the town centre. The airport site (072150) started operating in 1943. A grain shed to the northeast, built in 1969 and removed in 1999, cast shadows over the site after sunrise in mid-winter. The automatic weather station was installed on 21 October 1994 and became the primary instrument on 1 November 1996. 1986-1995 raw max averaged 21.98C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 23.02C Wagga Wagga max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 7.49C / raw 9.38C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 8.88C / raw 9.10C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.39C / raw cooled 0.28C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.20C / raw 0.04C Wagga Wagga 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 9.46C / raw 9.47C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 8.36C / raw 8.86C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.37% / raw - 65.47% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.44% / raw - 12.63% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 7.71C in ACORN 2.2 and 9.24C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 9.66C in ACORN 2.2 and 9.66C in raw Wagga Wagga 72151 has annual min temps back to 1872: 1872-1876 + 1879-1884 + 1886-1900 + 1902-1909 = 8.53C 72151 overlap with 72150 18 January 1942 to 31 December 1950 : 72151 9.8C / 72150 9.40C 1986-1995 raw min averaged 8.99C and post AWS 1997-2006 averaged 9.08C Wagga Wagga min Excel spreadsheets Walgett
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 26.43C / raw 26.93C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 27.07C / raw 27.45C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.64C / raw warmed 0.52C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.13C / raw 0.14C Walgett 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 27.98C / raw 28.06C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 26.39C / raw 27.10C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 16.32% / raw - 82.07% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.12% / raw - 28.94% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 26.82C in ACORN 2.2 and 26.72C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 28.33C in ACORN 2.2 and 28.33C in raw Walgett 52026 has annual max temps back to 1879: 1879-1880 + 1884 + 1886 + 1888-1902 + 1904-1906 + 1908-1909 = 26.41C 52026 overlap with 52088 1 June 1993 to 30 June 1993 : 52026 18.30C / 52088 17.78C ACORN catalogue: The original site (052026) was located within the town area. There may have been a small move in August 1960 when the screen was replaced. There are documented moves in November 1962 and October 1971, the latter putting it near the shire offices where it remained until closing in 1993. The airport site (052088) began operations on 2 June 1993, with no useful overlap with the town site. There was a site move to the other side of the airport on 21 May 1997 when the automatic weather station was installed. Assuming 1997 was when AWS readings were adopted, 1987-1996 raw max averaged 27.06C and post AWS 1998-2007 averaged 27.77C Walgett max Excel spreadsheets
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 10.04C / raw 12.30C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 11.23C / raw 12.50C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.19C / raw warmed 0.20C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.16C / raw -0.02C Walgett 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 11.73C / raw 12.06C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 10.70C / raw 12.88C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.54% / raw - 82.97% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 8.83% / raw - 28.85% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 10.31C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.43C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 12.09C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.31C in raw Walgett 52026 has annual min temps back to 1879: 1879-1880 + 1884 + 1885-1906 + 1908-1909 = 12.33C 52026 overlap with 52088 1 June 1993 to 30 June 1993 : 52026 6.02C / 52088 4.95C (but 52026 19 days and 52088 30 days) Assuming 1997 was when AWS readings were adopted, 1987-1996 raw min averaged 12.77C and post AWS 1998-2007 averaged 11.91C Walgett min Excel spreadsheets Wilcannia
1957-1988 - ACORN 2.2 26.47C / raw 26.79C 1989-2020 - ACORN 2.2 27.03C / raw 27.05C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.56C / raw warmed 0.26C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.18C / raw 0.15C Wilcannia 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 27.34C / raw 27.34C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 26.46C / raw 26.78C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 15.49% / raw - 99.72% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 6.97% / raw - 12.66% The first decade, 1957-1966, averaged 26.47C in ACORN 2.2 and 26.62C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 27.56C in ACORN 2.2 and 27.56C in raw 46043 overlap with 46012 20 January 2000 to 9 January 2015 : 46043 27.22C / 46012 27.23C ACORN catalogue: The site was originally in the town centre. It is possible that there were site moves at points in the 1960s and the 1980s. The documentation is inconclusive but the data indicate a move or other event around 1965–1966. The site became somewhat cluttered with nearby buildings, fences and cars in its later years, before a move about 700 m southwest to its present location on 1 December 1993. An automatic weather station (046012) has been operating at Wilcannia Airport, 4.5 km north of the town, since January 2000. It may eventually supersede the existing manual site. 2012-2014 raw max averaged 27.95C and post AWS 2016-2018 averaged 27.80C Wilcannia max Excel spreadsheets
1957-1988 - ACORN 2.2 10.89C / raw 12.17C 1989-2020 - ACORN 2.2 11.80C / raw 12.16C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.91C / raw cooled 0.01C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.23C / raw 0.00C Wilcannia 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 11.91C / raw 12.14C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 10.99C / raw 12.19C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.09% / raw - 99.75% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.96% / raw - 16.22% The first decade, 1957-1966, averaged 10.69C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.14C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 11.97C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.10C in raw 46043 overlap with 46012 21 January 2000 to 10 January 2015 : 46043 12.07C / 46012 12.04C 2012-2014 raw min averaged 11.96C and post AWS 2016-2018 averaged 12.33C Wilcannia min Excel spreadsheets Williamtown
1951-1984 - ACORN 2.2 23.06C / raw 22.80C 1985-2019 - ACORN 2.2 23.64C / raw 23.60C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.58C / raw warmed 0.80C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.22C / raw 0.29C Williamtown 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 23.96C / raw 23.96C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 23.11C / raw 22.95C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 16.43% / raw - 31.69% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 9.51% / raw - 12.78% The first decade, 1951-1960, averaged 22.94C in ACORN 2.2 and 22.47C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 24.24C in ACORN 2.2 and 24.24C in raw ACORN catalogue: There is little available documentation prior to the 1990s. A comparison site (061379) operated in the late 1990s in anticipation of a site move which never took place. The automatic weather station was installed on 9 July 1999. There was a site move of about 250 m southwest on 15 February 2005. The old site continued as a comparison under the number 061407 but the comparison was terminated after a few months because development around the old site made it no longer representative of its former state, and the overlap data were not used to merge the sites. 1989-1998 raw max averaged 23.11C and post AWS 2000-2009 averaged 23.69C Williamtown max Excel spreadsheets
1951-1984 - ACORN 2.2 11.56C / raw 12.29C 1985-2019 - ACORN 2.2 12.49C / raw 12.62C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.93C / raw warmed 0.33C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.25C / raw 0.08C Williamtown 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 12.63C / raw 12.63C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 11.73C / raw 12.30C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 17.92% / raw - 33.73% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.22% / raw - 11.79% The first decade, 1951-1960, averaged 11.37C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.38C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 12.92C in ACORN 2.2 and 12.92C in raw 1989-1998 raw min averaged 12.67C and post AWS 2000-2009 averaged 12.32C Williamtown min Excel spreadsheets Wyalong
1965-1991 - ACORN 2.2 22.66C / raw 23.21C 1992-2019 - ACORN 2.2 23.86C / raw 24.11C ACORN 2.2 warmed 1.20C / raw warmed 0.90C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.39C / raw 0.27C Wyalong 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 24.15C / raw 24.40C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 15.53% / raw - 68.84% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.83% / raw - 17.15% The first decade, 1965-1974, averaged 22.54C in ACORN 2.2 and 23.17C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 24.41C in ACORN 2.2 and 24.44C in raw 73054 overlap with 50017 10 April 1999 to 9 January 2015 : 73054 24.14C / 50017 23.90C ACORN catalogue: The site moved about 90 m on 14 December 1966, and there was a small move within the same yard on 26 February 1986. An automatic weather station (050017) has been operating since April 1999 at West Wyalong Airport, 2 km south of West Wyalong and 4.4 km west- southwest of the current site. 2012-2014 raw max averaged 24.49C and post AWS 2016-2018 averaged 24.80C Wyalong max Excel spreadsheets
1965-1991 - ACORN 2.2 9.59C / raw 9.77C 1992-2019 - ACORN 2.2 10.02C / raw 10.63C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.43C / raw warmed 0.86C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.17C / raw 0.28C Wyalong 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 10.18C / raw 10.73C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.46% / raw - 68.81% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 10.86% / raw - 19.59% The first decade, 1965-1974, averaged 9.23C in ACORN 2.2 and 9.25C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 9.97C in ACORN 2.2 and 10.43C in raw 73054 overlap with 50017 11 April 1999 to 10 January 2015 : 73054 10.69C / 50017 9.78C 2012-2014 raw max averaged 10.48C and post AWS 2016-2018 averaged 10.30C Wyalong min Excel spreadsheets Yamba
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 23.50C / raw 22.87C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 23.92C / raw 23.50C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.42C / raw warmed 0.63C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.06C / raw 0.15C Yamba 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 24.27C / raw 24.06C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 23.56C / raw 22.98C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 19.72% / raw - 80.16% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 8.96% / raw - 14.85% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 23.69C in ACORN 2.2 and 22.79C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 24.34C in ACORN 2.2 and 24.34C in raw ACORN catalogue: The site has been on the headland throughout its history. A site move, probably of less than 50 m, took place on 22 November 1943 to opposite side of Pilot Station building. There was another move at some point between 1975 and 1980, probably of only a few metres. The current site was established on 16 October 2007, with the screen only 1.5 m from the screen for the previous site. 1997-2006 raw max averaged 23.63C and post AWS 2008-2017 averaged 24.18C
1910-1965 - ACORN 2.2 15.13C / raw 15.19C 1966-2000 - ACORN 2.2 15.68C / raw 15.66C ACORN 2.2 warmed 0.55C / raw warmed 0.47C Average change per decade : ACORN 2.2 0.07C / raw 0.04C Yamba 2000-2020 - ACORN 2.2 15.97C / raw 15.94C 1961-90 - ACORN 2.2 15.38C / raw 15.37C Pre 1972 .0 F rounding ACORN 2.2 - 18.61% / raw - 82.81% Post 1972 .0 C rounding ACORN 2.2 - 15.01% / raw - 19.10% The first decade, 1910-1919, averaged 15.42C in ACORN 2.2 and 15.72C in raw The final decade, 2011-2020, averaged 16.15C in ACORN 2.2 and 16.15C in raw 1997-2006 raw min averaged 15.75C and post AWS 2008-2017 averaged 16.07C
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